當你試過吃完一頓豐富的正餐後,不久便開始覺得肚空空?!這正正是受到飽足感的影響!
1995年雪梨大學Susanna Holt 博士就飽足感做了一項有趣的研究:她以38種食物,每種240卡路里 (差不多一碗白飯的熱量) 為基準,志願者吃罷每種食物15分鐘後,測試他們的飽足感,用兩小時的食量來訂定「飽足感指數」(Satiety Index)。該指數以白麵包有100分作基線,如果食物的數值高過100,表示吃罷後的飽足感較大;相反,數值低過100,則代表這款食物的飽足感較低。(見下表)
The Satiety Index |
Each of the following foods is rated by how much food people ate after consuming them to satisfy their hunger. All are compared to white bread, ranked as “100”. |
Bakery Products |
Carbohydrate-Rich Foods |
Croissant |
47 |
White bread |
100 |
Cake |
65 |
French fries |
116 |
Doughnuts |
68 |
White pasta |
119 |
Cookies |
120 |
Brown rice |
132 |
Crackers |
127 |
White rice |
138 |
Snacks and Confectionary |
Grain bread |
154 |
Mars candy bar |
70 |
Wholemeal bread |
157 |
Peanuts |
84 |
Brown pasta |
188 |
Yoghurt |
88 |
Potatoes, boiled |
323 |
Crisps |
91 |
Protein-Rich Foods |
Ice cream |
96 |
Lentils |
133 |
Jellybeans |
118 |
Cheese |
146 |
Popcorn |
154 |
Eggs |
150 |
Breakfast Cereals with Milk |
Baked beans |
168 |
Muesli |
100 |
Beef |
176 |
Sustain |
112 |
Ling fish |
225 |
Special K |
116 |
Fruits |
Cornflakes |
118 |
Bananas |
118 |
Honeysmacks |
132 |
Grapes |
162 |
All-Bran |
151 |
Apples |
197 |
Porridge/Oatmeal |
209 |
Oranges |
202 |
|
Table adapted from S.H.A. Holt, J.C. Brand Miller, P. Petocz, and E. Farmakalidis, "A Satiety Index of Common Foods," European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, September 1995, pages 675-690.
依「飽足感指數」可見,雖然攝取相同的熱量,不過飽足感卻有很大的差異。例如:牛角包雖然脂肪含量高,但飽足感只是吃白麵包的一半,而白烚馬鈴薯的飽足感卻是吃白麵包的三倍,亦是飽足感最大的食物。換言之,脂肪高並不代表會耐飽一些!
米施洛註冊營養師